1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:44,280 I 2 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:44,290 3 00:00:44,290 --> 00:00:46,560 on an upcoming shuttle flight an 4 00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:46,570 on an upcoming shuttle flight an 5 00:00:46,570 --> 00:00:48,450 on an upcoming shuttle flight an experiment will be conducted to study 6 00:00:48,450 --> 00:00:48,460 experiment will be conducted to study 7 00:00:48,460 --> 00:00:51,210 experiment will be conducted to study fire in the microgravity environment of 8 00:00:51,210 --> 00:00:51,220 fire in the microgravity environment of 9 00:00:51,220 --> 00:00:58,140 fire in the microgravity environment of Earth orbit the solid surface combustion 10 00:00:58,140 --> 00:00:58,150 Earth orbit the solid surface combustion 11 00:00:58,150 --> 00:01:01,560 Earth orbit the solid surface combustion experiment or ssce was built at the NASA 12 00:01:01,560 --> 00:01:01,570 experiment or ssce was built at the NASA 13 00:01:01,570 --> 00:01:03,720 experiment or ssce was built at the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland Ohio 14 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:03,730 Lewis Research Center in Cleveland Ohio 15 00:01:03,730 --> 00:01:07,080 Lewis Research Center in Cleveland Ohio to study the details of a fire spreading 16 00:01:07,080 --> 00:01:07,090 to study the details of a fire spreading 17 00:01:07,090 --> 00:01:11,870 to study the details of a fire spreading over a small solid fuel sample on earth 18 00:01:11,870 --> 00:01:11,880 over a small solid fuel sample on earth 19 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:15,150 over a small solid fuel sample on earth gravity causes the hot gases in a flame 20 00:01:15,150 --> 00:01:15,160 gravity causes the hot gases in a flame 21 00:01:15,160 --> 00:01:19,830 gravity causes the hot gases in a flame to rise this air motion called buoyant 22 00:01:19,830 --> 00:01:19,840 to rise this air motion called buoyant 23 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:22,950 to rise this air motion called buoyant convection brings fresh oxygen to the 24 00:01:22,950 --> 00:01:22,960 convection brings fresh oxygen to the 25 00:01:22,960 --> 00:01:25,410 convection brings fresh oxygen to the flame and effects the heat carried 26 00:01:25,410 --> 00:01:25,420 flame and effects the heat carried 27 00:01:25,420 --> 00:01:28,499 flame and effects the heat carried forward to ignite the fuel ahead of the 28 00:01:28,499 --> 00:01:28,509 forward to ignite the fuel ahead of the 29 00:01:28,509 --> 00:01:31,680 forward to ignite the fuel ahead of the flame buoyant convection is one of the 30 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:31,690 flame buoyant convection is one of the 31 00:01:31,690 --> 00:01:33,690 flame buoyant convection is one of the more difficult aspects of fire for 32 00:01:33,690 --> 00:01:33,700 more difficult aspects of fire for 33 00:01:33,700 --> 00:01:37,830 more difficult aspects of fire for scientists to understand in microgravity 34 00:01:37,830 --> 00:01:37,840 scientists to understand in microgravity 35 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:40,730 scientists to understand in microgravity boy and convection oven disappears 36 00:01:40,730 --> 00:01:40,740 boy and convection oven disappears 37 00:01:40,740 --> 00:01:43,710 boy and convection oven disappears without convection the flames oxygen 38 00:01:43,710 --> 00:01:43,720 without convection the flames oxygen 39 00:01:43,720 --> 00:01:46,170 without convection the flames oxygen supply and forward heat transfer depend 40 00:01:46,170 --> 00:01:46,180 supply and forward heat transfer depend 41 00:01:46,180 --> 00:01:52,410 supply and forward heat transfer depend upon different physical mechanisms these 42 00:01:52,410 --> 00:01:52,420 upon different physical mechanisms these 43 00:01:52,420 --> 00:01:54,930 upon different physical mechanisms these other mechanisms are present in normal 44 00:01:54,930 --> 00:01:54,940 other mechanisms are present in normal 45 00:01:54,940 --> 00:01:57,810 other mechanisms are present in normal gravity but are overwhelmed by boy and 46 00:01:57,810 --> 00:01:57,820 gravity but are overwhelmed by boy and 47 00:01:57,820 --> 00:02:02,820 gravity but are overwhelmed by boy and convection by performing the ssce 48 00:02:02,820 --> 00:02:02,830 convection by performing the ssce 49 00:02:02,830 --> 00:02:05,820 convection by performing the ssce experiment in microgravity scientists 50 00:02:05,820 --> 00:02:05,830 experiment in microgravity scientists 51 00:02:05,830 --> 00:02:07,980 experiment in microgravity scientists will be able to observe these simpler 52 00:02:07,980 --> 00:02:07,990 will be able to observe these simpler 53 00:02:07,990 --> 00:02:13,600 will be able to observe these simpler flame spread mechanisms directly 54 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:13,610 55 00:02:13,610 --> 00:02:16,040 with the inside gain from this 56 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:16,050 with the inside gain from this 57 00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:17,780 with the inside gain from this experiment scientists will better 58 00:02:17,780 --> 00:02:17,790 experiment scientists will better 59 00:02:17,790 --> 00:02:20,330 experiment scientists will better understand how the complex system of 60 00:02:20,330 --> 00:02:20,340 understand how the complex system of 61 00:02:20,340 --> 00:02:22,160 understand how the complex system of physical and chemical mechanisms 62 00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:22,170 physical and chemical mechanisms 63 00:02:22,170 --> 00:02:28,190 physical and chemical mechanisms interact in fires on earth several years 64 00:02:28,190 --> 00:02:28,200 interact in fires on earth several years 65 00:02:28,200 --> 00:02:30,350 interact in fires on earth several years ago NASA began investigating the 66 00:02:30,350 --> 00:02:30,360 ago NASA began investigating the 67 00:02:30,360 --> 00:02:32,420 ago NASA began investigating the possibility of doing experiments in the 68 00:02:32,420 --> 00:02:32,430 possibility of doing experiments in the 69 00:02:32,430 --> 00:02:35,480 possibility of doing experiments in the shuttle on combustion topics one being 70 00:02:35,480 --> 00:02:35,490 shuttle on combustion topics one being 71 00:02:35,490 --> 00:02:37,580 shuttle on combustion topics one being droplet combustion another flame 72 00:02:37,580 --> 00:02:37,590 droplet combustion another flame 73 00:02:37,590 --> 00:02:39,950 droplet combustion another flame spreading over solids and a third being 74 00:02:39,950 --> 00:02:39,960 spreading over solids and a third being 75 00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:43,370 spreading over solids and a third being pre-mixed combustion at that time I was 76 00:02:43,370 --> 00:02:43,380 pre-mixed combustion at that time I was 77 00:02:43,380 --> 00:02:45,200 pre-mixed combustion at that time I was doing flames spreading experiments and 78 00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:45,210 doing flames spreading experiments and 79 00:02:45,210 --> 00:02:48,350 doing flames spreading experiments and had proposed to NASA an experiment to be 80 00:02:48,350 --> 00:02:48,360 had proposed to NASA an experiment to be 81 00:02:48,360 --> 00:02:51,200 had proposed to NASA an experiment to be conducted on the shuttle and described 82 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:51,210 conducted on the shuttle and described 83 00:02:51,210 --> 00:02:53,030 conducted on the shuttle and described the key features of the experiment and 84 00:02:53,030 --> 00:02:53,040 the key features of the experiment and 85 00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:55,190 the key features of the experiment and that experiment was ultimately designed 86 00:02:55,190 --> 00:02:55,200 that experiment was ultimately designed 87 00:02:55,200 --> 00:02:59,720 that experiment was ultimately designed by people at NASA Lewis technicians at 88 00:02:59,720 --> 00:02:59,730 by people at NASA Lewis technicians at 89 00:02:59,730 --> 00:03:01,850 by people at NASA Lewis technicians at Lewis built the hardware and performed a 90 00:03:01,850 --> 00:03:01,860 Lewis built the hardware and performed a 91 00:03:01,860 --> 00:03:04,580 Lewis built the hardware and performed a series of exhaustive tests to show it 92 00:03:04,580 --> 00:03:04,590 series of exhaustive tests to show it 93 00:03:04,590 --> 00:03:06,500 series of exhaustive tests to show it would work once it was launched in the 94 00:03:06,500 --> 00:03:06,510 would work once it was launched in the 95 00:03:06,510 --> 00:03:11,380 would work once it was launched in the shuttle 96 00:03:11,380 --> 00:03:11,390 97 00:03:11,390 --> 00:03:14,119 scientists and engineers utilize special 98 00:03:14,119 --> 00:03:14,129 scientists and engineers utilize special 99 00:03:14,129 --> 00:03:16,789 scientists and engineers utilize special ground-based facilities for testing 100 00:03:16,789 --> 00:03:16,799 ground-based facilities for testing 101 00:03:16,799 --> 00:03:20,119 ground-based facilities for testing experiments in microgravity dropped 102 00:03:20,119 --> 00:03:20,129 experiments in microgravity dropped 103 00:03:20,129 --> 00:03:22,429 experiments in microgravity dropped hours at the NASA Lewis Research Center 104 00:03:22,429 --> 00:03:22,439 hours at the NASA Lewis Research Center 105 00:03:22,439 --> 00:03:24,890 hours at the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland Ohio and special aircraft 106 00:03:24,890 --> 00:03:24,900 in Cleveland Ohio and special aircraft 107 00:03:24,900 --> 00:03:27,530 in Cleveland Ohio and special aircraft at Lewis and the Johnson Space Center in 108 00:03:27,530 --> 00:03:27,540 at Lewis and the Johnson Space Center in 109 00:03:27,540 --> 00:03:30,770 at Lewis and the Johnson Space Center in Houston Texas provide a few seconds of 110 00:03:30,770 --> 00:03:30,780 Houston Texas provide a few seconds of 111 00:03:30,780 --> 00:03:33,740 Houston Texas provide a few seconds of microgravity at a time to obtain a hint 112 00:03:33,740 --> 00:03:33,750 microgravity at a time to obtain a hint 113 00:03:33,750 --> 00:03:38,860 microgravity at a time to obtain a hint of how the experiment will work in orbit 114 00:03:38,860 --> 00:03:38,870 115 00:03:38,870 --> 00:03:42,140 at the heart of the ssce a sealed vessel 116 00:03:42,140 --> 00:03:42,150 at the heart of the ssce a sealed vessel 117 00:03:42,150 --> 00:03:44,509 at the heart of the ssce a sealed vessel filled with an atmosphere of oxygen and 118 00:03:44,509 --> 00:03:44,519 filled with an atmosphere of oxygen and 119 00:03:44,519 --> 00:03:47,509 filled with an atmosphere of oxygen and nitrogen houses a single sample of solid 120 00:03:47,509 --> 00:03:47,519 nitrogen houses a single sample of solid 121 00:03:47,519 --> 00:03:51,710 nitrogen houses a single sample of solid fuel the test samples are materials like 122 00:03:51,710 --> 00:03:51,720 fuel the test samples are materials like 123 00:03:51,720 --> 00:03:58,069 fuel the test samples are materials like paper that burn easily and air the 124 00:03:58,069 --> 00:03:58,079 paper that burn easily and air the 125 00:03:58,079 --> 00:03:59,720 paper that burn easily and air the flight specimens are mounted in a 126 00:03:59,720 --> 00:03:59,730 flight specimens are mounted in a 127 00:03:59,730 --> 00:04:02,089 flight specimens are mounted in a special holder that keeps them secure 128 00:04:02,089 --> 00:04:02,099 special holder that keeps them secure 129 00:04:02,099 --> 00:04:04,869 special holder that keeps them secure during the rigors of a shuttle launch 130 00:04:04,869 --> 00:04:04,879 during the rigors of a shuttle launch 131 00:04:04,879 --> 00:04:07,640 during the rigors of a shuttle launch the sample holder is bolted into the 132 00:04:07,640 --> 00:04:07,650 the sample holder is bolted into the 133 00:04:07,650 --> 00:04:09,500 the sample holder is bolted into the test chamber and the chamber is sealed 134 00:04:09,500 --> 00:04:09,510 test chamber and the chamber is sealed 135 00:04:09,510 --> 00:04:12,319 test chamber and the chamber is sealed and filled with a test atmosphere before 136 00:04:12,319 --> 00:04:12,329 and filled with a test atmosphere before 137 00:04:12,329 --> 00:04:18,069 and filled with a test atmosphere before the hardware is placed in the shuttle in 138 00:04:18,069 --> 00:04:18,079 the hardware is placed in the shuttle in 139 00:04:18,079 --> 00:04:21,170 the hardware is placed in the shuttle in flight the experiment is started by a 140 00:04:21,170 --> 00:04:21,180 flight the experiment is started by a 141 00:04:21,180 --> 00:04:24,980 flight the experiment is started by a simple computer igniting the sample to 142 00:04:24,980 --> 00:04:24,990 simple computer igniting the sample to 143 00:04:24,990 --> 00:04:26,930 simple computer igniting the sample to movie cameras are activated by the 144 00:04:26,930 --> 00:04:26,940 movie cameras are activated by the 145 00:04:26,940 --> 00:04:29,300 movie cameras are activated by the computer to photograph the flame through 146 00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:29,310 computer to photograph the flame through 147 00:04:29,310 --> 00:04:33,830 computer to photograph the flame through the windows in the chamber the ssce is 148 00:04:33,830 --> 00:04:33,840 the windows in the chamber the ssce is 149 00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:35,839 the windows in the chamber the ssce is scheduled to fly aboard the shuttle 150 00:04:35,839 --> 00:04:35,849 scheduled to fly aboard the shuttle 151 00:04:35,849 --> 00:04:40,520 scheduled to fly aboard the shuttle eight times since October 1995 flights 152 00:04:40,520 --> 00:04:40,530 eight times since October 1995 flights 153 00:04:40,530 --> 00:04:45,439 eight times since October 1995 flights have been completed 154 00:04:45,439 --> 00:04:45,449 155 00:04:45,449 --> 00:04:49,339 in the first three tests and ashless 156 00:04:49,339 --> 00:04:49,349 in the first three tests and ashless 157 00:04:49,349 --> 00:04:52,189 in the first three tests and ashless filter paper was burned in fifty percent 158 00:04:52,189 --> 00:04:52,199 filter paper was burned in fifty percent 159 00:04:52,199 --> 00:04:56,269 filter paper was burned in fifty percent oxygen at three different pressures this 160 00:04:56,269 --> 00:04:56,279 oxygen at three different pressures this 161 00:04:56,279 --> 00:05:00,070 oxygen at three different pressures this is an edge view of the burning paper at 162 00:05:00,070 --> 00:05:00,080 is an edge view of the burning paper at 163 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:03,439 is an edge view of the burning paper at higher test pressures the flame produces 164 00:05:03,439 --> 00:05:03,449 higher test pressures the flame produces 165 00:05:03,449 --> 00:05:08,779 higher test pressures the flame produces more soot and is therefore brighter the 166 00:05:08,779 --> 00:05:08,789 more soot and is therefore brighter the 167 00:05:08,789 --> 00:05:10,670 more soot and is therefore brighter the flame is photographed from both the top 168 00:05:10,670 --> 00:05:10,680 flame is photographed from both the top 169 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:13,249 flame is photographed from both the top and the side to gather detailed 170 00:05:13,249 --> 00:05:13,259 and the side to gather detailed 171 00:05:13,259 --> 00:05:18,230 and the side to gather detailed information about the flame shape at two 172 00:05:18,230 --> 00:05:18,240 information about the flame shape at two 173 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:20,570 information about the flame shape at two times normal atmospheric pressure the 174 00:05:20,570 --> 00:05:20,580 times normal atmospheric pressure the 175 00:05:20,580 --> 00:05:23,269 times normal atmospheric pressure the flame is very City the soot particles 176 00:05:23,269 --> 00:05:23,279 flame is very City the soot particles 177 00:05:23,279 --> 00:05:25,579 flame is very City the soot particles glow providing the familiar bright 178 00:05:25,579 --> 00:05:25,589 glow providing the familiar bright 179 00:05:25,589 --> 00:05:33,290 glow providing the familiar bright orange flame before each flight shuttle 180 00:05:33,290 --> 00:05:33,300 orange flame before each flight shuttle 181 00:05:33,300 --> 00:05:35,390 orange flame before each flight shuttle astronauts are trained in both the 182 00:05:35,390 --> 00:05:35,400 astronauts are trained in both the 183 00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:37,579 astronauts are trained in both the scientific objectives of the experiment 184 00:05:37,579 --> 00:05:37,589 scientific objectives of the experiment 185 00:05:37,589 --> 00:05:44,330 scientific objectives of the experiment and how it is to be operated 186 00:05:44,330 --> 00:05:44,340 187 00:05:44,340 --> 00:05:48,620 his life in July 1992 aboard the shuttle 188 00:05:48,620 --> 00:05:48,630 his life in July 1992 aboard the shuttle 189 00:05:48,630 --> 00:05:50,930 his life in July 1992 aboard the shuttle in the United States microgravity 190 00:05:50,930 --> 00:05:50,940 in the United States microgravity 191 00:05:50,940 --> 00:05:56,330 in the United States microgravity laboratory usml won the ssce experiment 192 00:05:56,330 --> 00:05:56,340 laboratory usml won the ssce experiment 193 00:05:56,340 --> 00:05:58,820 laboratory usml won the ssce experiment burned another ashless filter paper 194 00:05:58,820 --> 00:05:58,830 burned another ashless filter paper 195 00:05:58,830 --> 00:06:01,310 burned another ashless filter paper sample in an atmosphere of thirty-five 196 00:06:01,310 --> 00:06:01,320 sample in an atmosphere of thirty-five 197 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:04,430 sample in an atmosphere of thirty-five percent oxygen and normal atmospheric 198 00:06:04,430 --> 00:06:04,440 percent oxygen and normal atmospheric 199 00:06:04,440 --> 00:06:10,640 percent oxygen and normal atmospheric pressure during the STS 47 mission 200 00:06:10,640 --> 00:06:10,650 pressure during the STS 47 mission 201 00:06:10,650 --> 00:06:14,210 pressure during the STS 47 mission mission specialists J AB perform the 202 00:06:14,210 --> 00:06:14,220 mission specialists J AB perform the 203 00:06:14,220 --> 00:06:16,969 mission specialists J AB perform the ssce experiment under thirty five 204 00:06:16,969 --> 00:06:16,979 ssce experiment under thirty five 205 00:06:16,979 --> 00:06:19,930 ssce experiment under thirty five percent oxygen and one and a half times 206 00:06:19,930 --> 00:06:19,940 percent oxygen and one and a half times 207 00:06:19,940 --> 00:06:27,290 percent oxygen and one and a half times normal atmospheric pressure the final 208 00:06:27,290 --> 00:06:27,300 normal atmospheric pressure the final 209 00:06:27,300 --> 00:06:28,760 normal atmospheric pressure the final three flights of the solid surface 210 00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:28,770 three flights of the solid surface 211 00:06:28,770 --> 00:06:31,340 three flights of the solid surface combustion experiment will be used to 212 00:06:31,340 --> 00:06:31,350 combustion experiment will be used to 213 00:06:31,350 --> 00:06:32,540 combustion experiment will be used to test the flames spreading 214 00:06:32,540 --> 00:06:32,550 test the flames spreading 215 00:06:32,550 --> 00:06:36,230 test the flames spreading characteristics of a thick fuel this 216 00:06:36,230 --> 00:06:36,240 characteristics of a thick fuel this 217 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:40,600 characteristics of a thick fuel this fuel p.m. ma is more commonly known as 218 00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:40,610 fuel p.m. ma is more commonly known as 219 00:06:40,610 --> 00:06:44,480 fuel p.m. ma is more commonly known as plexiglass variations of atmospheric 220 00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:44,490 plexiglass variations of atmospheric 221 00:06:44,490 --> 00:06:47,090 plexiglass variations of atmospheric pressure and oxygen content will be 222 00:06:47,090 --> 00:06:47,100 pressure and oxygen content will be 223 00:06:47,100 --> 00:06:50,810 pressure and oxygen content will be similar to those for paper tests the 224 00:06:50,810 --> 00:06:50,820 similar to those for paper tests the 225 00:06:50,820 --> 00:06:52,520 similar to those for paper tests the experiments being conducted to gather 226 00:06:52,520 --> 00:06:52,530 experiments being conducted to gather 227 00:06:52,530 --> 00:06:54,650 experiments being conducted to gather information that will ultimately allow 228 00:06:54,650 --> 00:06:54,660 information that will ultimately allow 229 00:06:54,660 --> 00:06:56,810 information that will ultimately allow us to improve the fire safety aspects of 230 00:06:56,810 --> 00:06:56,820 us to improve the fire safety aspects of 231 00:06:56,820 --> 00:06:58,940 us to improve the fire safety aspects of space travel from the point of view of 232 00:06:58,940 --> 00:06:58,950 space travel from the point of view of 233 00:06:58,950 --> 00:07:01,850 space travel from the point of view of material selection and also extinguisher 234 00:07:01,850 --> 00:07:01,860 material selection and also extinguisher 235 00:07:01,860 --> 00:07:03,980 material selection and also extinguisher development and in addition flames 236 00:07:03,980 --> 00:07:03,990 development and in addition flames 237 00:07:03,990 --> 00:07:05,870 development and in addition flames spreading is a fundamental scientific 238 00:07:05,870 --> 00:07:05,880 spreading is a fundamental scientific 239 00:07:05,880 --> 00:07:08,270 spreading is a fundamental scientific problem has been investigated for a 240 00:07:08,270 --> 00:07:08,280 problem has been investigated for a 241 00:07:08,280 --> 00:07:11,330 problem has been investigated for a number of years and by doing experiments 242 00:07:11,330 --> 00:07:11,340 number of years and by doing experiments 243 00:07:11,340 --> 00:07:14,180 number of years and by doing experiments in reduced gravity we hope to be able to 244 00:07:14,180 --> 00:07:14,190 in reduced gravity we hope to be able to 245 00:07:14,190 --> 00:07:16,040 in reduced gravity we hope to be able to answer some of the questions that remain 246 00:07:16,040 --> 00:07:16,050 answer some of the questions that remain 247 00:07:16,050 --> 00:07:19,700 answer some of the questions that remain about that scientific phenomenon